Nagoya Protocol

The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity is an international agreement which aims at sharing the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources in a fair and equitable way, including by appropriate access to genetic resources and by appropriate transfer of relevant technologies, taking into account all rights over those resources and to technologies, and by appropriate funding, thereby contributing to the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components. It was adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its tenth meeting on 29 October 2010 in Nagoya, Japan. The Nagoya Protocol will enter into force 90 days after the date of deposit of the fiftieth instrument of ratification.

The fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources is one of the three objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity. For background information on the Convention's work programme on access and benefit-sharing prior to the adoption of the Nagoya Protocol and information on the negotiations of the Nagoya Protocol .

Green Economy

The Theme of 2012 World Environment Day is The Green Economy . In its simplest expression Green Economy can be thought as one which is Low Carbon Emission , Resource Efficient and Socially Inclusive . Thus Green Economy is the economic development in Harmony with Environment . Green Economy is one whose growth in income and employment is driven by public and private investment that reduce carbon emission and pollution which enhances the energy and resource efficiency which prevents loss of biodiversity and which protects ecosystem and environment . So , The Green Economy touches almost every aspect of our life and concerns of our development .It is about Sustainable Energy , Sustainable Agriculture , Sustainable  Tourism ,  Sustainable Transport , Effective and Efficient Resource and Energy Management , Proper Waste Management , ; Low Carbon Emission , Green Policies , Green Jobs , Green Building etc . 

Rio+20 Summit : Role Played by India

India played Constructive , Futuristic  & Leadership Role at Rio + 20 Summit . Most of the proposal of India are not only met with wide spread support but also India played a crucial role in bridging a differences and building consensus on many vital environmental issues . India firmly rejected unilateral measures and trade barriers under the guys of Green Economy . India expressed disappointment with the weak political will of developed countries to provide developing nations enhanced Cleaner and Greener Technology & Financial Help to implement objectives of Green Economy . The country firmly said that The Green Economy  will become Green Wash if it is not Democratized and Justifiable  . However India recognized The Green Economy  as the means to Sustainable Development and Poverty Eradicating . 

And Further , India said that it to be Bottom-Up and Democratizes . India describes Economic Development , Social Inclusion and Environmental Sustainability as all equally critical components of sustainable development . India firmly & finely asked the world to take up the task of giving practical shape and content to this architecture of Rio + 20 summit in a manner that allows each country to develop according to its own National Priorities and Circumstances .

Outcome of Rio + 20 ( United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development )

Rio+20 Summit 2012  is milestone on a long road after the famous 1992 Earth Summit which put Sustainable Development on the Global Agenda . The Rio+20 Summit was attended by more than 25000 participants including more than 110 heads of state & Govt. The Rio+20 Summit attempted to create a new Development Modal based on Smart Public Policies and with a realization that govt. can grow their economy , alleviated poverty & create decent jobs and accelerate social progress in a way that respect the earth’s finite natural resources .

The Main focus of Rio+ 20 summit was The Energy . Energy was termed by UN Secretary General , as The Golden Thread that connect the dots to a sustainable future and a key driver for development , social inclusion and environment protection including climate change . The Summit concluded with a firm commitment to ensure universal excess to model Energy service for one in five people worldwide who lack them , to reduce energy waste by doubling energy efficiency and to double the share of renewable energy in global energy mix with a new concept of The Green Economy .

                                                                    

Nobel Laureates 2012 Nobel Laureates 2012

Peace

European Union

Literature

Mo yan

Medicine

John Gurdon (UK)  & Shinya Yamanaka (Japan)

Physics

Serge Haorche (France)  & David J. Wineland (USA)

Chemistry

Robert Lefkowitz (USA)  &  Brian Kobilka (USA)

Economics

Alvin E. Roth (USA)  &  Lloyd Shapley (USA)

The Nobel Prize

The Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo, Norway only , while the other prizes are awarded in Stockholm, Sweden. The Nobel Prize is widely regarded as the most prestigious award available in the fields of literature, medicine, physics, chemistry, peace, and economics.

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Nobel Prize in Physics, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences; The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institute awards The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; The Swedish Academy grants The Nobel Prize in Literature; and the Nobel Peace Prize is not awarded by a Swedish Organisation but by the Norwegian Nobel Committee.

(1)  Swedish Academy ( The Nobel Prize in Literature )
(2)  Nobel committee of Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences ( The Nobel Prize in Physics, The Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences )
(3)  Nobel committee of Karolinska Institutet ( The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine )
(4)  Norwegian Nobel Committee ( The Peace Prize )